The incorrect statement is option (A) the innate defenses of the body apply strictly to external pathogens, while adaptive defenses apply strictly to internal pathogens.
Immunity can be classified into two types namely, the innate immunity and the adaptive immunity. Innate immunity is the first line of defense against the pathogens. It includes the physical and chemical barriers of the immune system along with the action of the phagocytizing cells called the macrophages. Whereas, the adaptive immunity is mediated by the cells of the immune system called the lymphocytes. The B lymphocytes produce antibodies and are responsible for humoral immunity. The T lymphocytes produce the cell mediated immunity with the production of the helper T cell, cytotoxic T cells and attack the pathogens. Innate immune response is comparatively a faster immune response which can be activated by any foreign substance entering the body. Both the defenses work on external and internal pathogens.
Answer:
''If the old cells inoculated in chicken, it produces resistance in the chicken against new V. cholera cells.''
Explanation:
From the data provided by Louis Pasteur, we make a hypothesis i. e. ''If the old cells inoculated in chicken, it produces resistance in the chicken against new V. cholera cells.'' From these observation we can assume that by allowing old V. cholera cells to chicken, it did not cause any disease but make immunity against the new V. cholera cells which are more effective from old V. cholera cells.
I would say that this would be 2. Breaks down existing landforms to create new ones
Vertebrates have a bilateral symmetry due to which their entire body is divided into right and left halves while the invertebrates either have radial symmetry or the bilateral symmetry. Therefore, option D is correct.
The other basic differences between the vertebrates and the invertebrates are that vertebrates have a spinal cord and a backbone while invertebrates lack them, vertebrates have well developed brain, lungs or gills in respiratory system and closed circulatory system.
Answer:
A. movement of molecules across a semipermeable membrane against a concentration gradient with a protein
