Japan and China were already engaged in a military conflict before the outbreak of World War II. China was also involved in a civil war and spent most of World War II dealing with internal conflicts and repelling the advances of the Japanese.
Britain was the one who was mandated to control Palestine after WWI.
It is called a Monarchy. This can either being the King, Queen, Prince, or Princess. Most governments who are monarchs have some sort of sitting government, but the royal person holds the most power.
I hope this helps! :)
