The practice of restricting movement and assembly of African Americans, is the right answer.
The laws passed in the years between 1865 and 1866 by the southern states of the U.S. following the Civil War, were known as the Black Codes. These laws were enacted to define the freedom of African Americans and to enforce them to operate in a labor economy on low payments. Black Codes were part of a more extensive model of Southern whites seeking to control political dominance and crush the freedmen, recently freed African-American serfs.
