The iron curtain refers to the Berlin Wall which separated Europe during the Cold War. This term symbolizes the efforts by the Soviets to block itself from the West.
Battle of Britain, during World War II, the successful defense of Great Britain against unremitting and destructive air raids conducted by the German air force (Luftwaffe) from July through September 1940, after the fall of France. Victory for the Luftwaffe in the air battle would have exposed Great Britain to invasion by the German army, which was then in control of the ports of France only a few miles away across the English Channel. In the event, the battle was won by the Royal Air Force (RAF) Fighter Command, whose victory not only blocked the possibility of invasion but also created the conditions for Great Britain’s survival, for the extension of the war, and for the eventual defeat of Nazi Germany.
Anna Julia Cooper became a renknown scholar with important contributions to feminism and African American political philosophy like <em>A Voice from the South By a Black Woman Of the South </em>(1982)
She was born in North Carolina between 1858-1859, before the American Civil War. Her mother was an untutored slave who was able to read the Bible and write a little, and her father was probably her mother's master. This background was actually common for African Americans in slavery times and depicts the uneducation and sexual abuse faced by female slaves as well as the struggle for self-education.
When she was 9 years old and removed from slavery, Anna went to Saint Augustine Normal School in Raleigh, where she studied and also worked as a tutor and educator after completing her studies.
Her background and her mother's situation motivated her to pursue a life of teaching and educating others, as well as highlighting the structures of opression faced by African Americans.
