Answer:
b. pain disorder associated with psychological factors.
Explanation:
Pain disorder: A person with pain disorder experiences chronic pain in more than one area and is often caused due to psychological stress, for example, stress and anxiety. The pain can lead to a severe problem that even makes a person to resist movement and proper functioning of the body. It can last from a few days to even many years. Pain disorder can be caused due to a general medical condition, psychological and physiological condition.
Psychological factors: The basic psychological factors of pain disorder includes stress, depression, and anxiety. It contributes to the severity, maintenance, and exacerbation of the pain. It often includes mental and emotional problems.
In the question above, Ryan probably has pain disorder associated with psychological factors.
First one A second D third D
It is true that they had the different types of rule as the Italian city-states have always been very self-suficient in a way (mostly politically not so much economically). This lead to a system or method called autonamy where each city-state more or less had the right for self-government. This also depended on the area of life we're referring to.
The answer is: b. Deterring criminal behavior
In order to deter criminal behavior, government need to prepare a certain level of precautions in order to discourage the act of criminal behavior in a certain area.
This could be done through several methods, such as create a proper management in the department of justice, impose harsh punishments from criminal behavior in order to make people scared of doing it, or improving the economy to eliminate the needs to steals/rob in the first place.
