Answer:
1- Sedimentary --- rock made from particles deposited by running water
2- Crust --- outer shell of the Earth
3- Core --- central sphere of iron
4- Igneous --- rock cooled from magma
5- Mantle --- interior layer of rock
6- Newton --- first to calculate Earth's variable diameter
7- Metamorphic --- rock changed by heat and pressure
Explanation:
1- A sedimentary rock is a rock that is created by lithification (rock formation) of deposited sediment or organic material. The deposition of sediment (sedimentation) is a collective name for processes in which particles settle or precipitate minerals from water or another solution. Sediment comes from elsewhere, where it was released by weathering and erosion, and then transported by water, wind, mass movement or ice to the place of sedimentation.
2- The crust is the outermost part of the earth and lies above the underlying mantle. Below sea level, the earth's crust is on average 8 to 10 km thick and consists of rocks of basaltic composition. Below the continent, the crust is on average 35 km thick and has a granitic composition.
3- The Earth's core is the innermost part of the Earth's interior, and consists mainly of iron, nickel, sulfur and chromium. The Earth's core creates heat energy and magnetism through, among other things, its rotation, and contributes to the Earth's high density.
4- Igneous or magmatic rocks are rocks that have formed from the cooling of magma. The formation of magma in the Earth's mantle and deeper parts of the lithosphere is not a common process. It only occurs in a number of tectonic situations: hotspots, subduction zones, spreading zones and lifts. After formation, the magma will be able to change composition through a number of processes. These factors determine the chemical composition of solid rock.
5- The Earth's mantle is the layer in the Earth that is directly under the crust. The mantle starts at a few tens of kilometers depth and is approximately 2900 km thick. It occupies 83% of the Earth's volume and contains 67.5% of its mass.
6- Isaac Newton was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, official mint master and theologian.
In his main work Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica from 1687 Newton described, among other things, the gravity and the three laws of Newton, with which he became the founder of classical mechanics.
7- A metamorphic rock is a type of rock whose formation originates from the transformation in the solid state of sedimentary, magmatic or even metamorphic rocks, due to modifications of the physico-chemical parameters of the medium in which they evolve (notably the pressure and temperature). This transformation, designated by the term of metamorphism, results in a modification of the texture, the mineralogical assembly at equilibrium or the chemical composition of the rock.
