"The Doctrine of Chances" is a theory that was proposed by Alfred Russell Wallace that related to the theory of natura selection of Darwinists. This doctrine is what we now consider "statistics." Wallace's idea was to use this doctrine of chances and averages in order to study population genetics.
They took on industrial jobs. When men left to go fight, their spots in the work force were empty, so women filled in. Women helped with the war effort form back home by joining the mainstream work force :)
