Answer:
The Ottoman Empire was a state that controlled much of Southeastern Europe, Western Asia, ... Some of these were later absorbed into the Ottoman Empire, while others were ... The word Ottoman is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the ... Rise (c. 1299–1453). Main article: Rise of the Ottoman Empire.
Explanation:
The Yalta Conference was held in the country of Russia in the city of Yalta, hosted by the Soviet Union.
Definition of a Geographic Pattern: A geographic pattern is a term used as a general descriptor for lesions in which large areas of one colour, histologic pattern or radiologic density. Variably scalloped borders sharply interface with another pattern, colour or density, creating something like a national boundary and/or coastline.
Example: An example of a geographic pattern can be applied to nearly everything on Earth. Animals and plant species, disease infections, weather patterns, and man-made structures are an example of this.
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I believe the first answer is The Turks captured Constantinople closing the path to the Silk Road. The second is Europeans developed the economic system of mercantilism and needed reserves of gold and silver. Hope I helped!
Without answers from your question, the best translation is, "Laws that fortified racial segregation and hate towards African Americans".