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<h2>
Nuclear energy:</h2>
The energy which is harvested due to the nuclear fusion or fission occurring in a reactor is called nuclear energy. Though this energy has much application it has certain disadvantages.
<h2>Disadvantages of nuclear energy:</h2>
- The radioactive waste originating from atomic power plants and the reactors used act an extraordinary danger to Mother Nature and people.
- Improper disposal of radioactive waste released from the reactors, act as base of many deathly diseases.
- Another major disadvantage of utilizing nuclear energy is that it needs a ton of venture to set up an atomic power station. Developing an atomic power plant requires enormous capital cost.
- When the waste of this energy production process is lead to river body it causes eutrophication which causes the death of the aquatic life.
Answer:
The microorganism–microorganism or microorganism–host interactions are the key strategy to colonize and establish in a variety of different environments. These interactions involve all ecological aspects, including physiochemical changes, metabolite exchange, metabolite conversion, signaling, chemotaxis and genetic exchange resulting in genotype selection. In addition, the establishment in the environment depends on the species diversity, since high functional redundancy in the microbial community increases the competitive ability of the community, decreasing the possibility of an invader to establish in this environment. Therefore, these associations are the result of a co-evolution process that leads to the adaptation and specialization, allowing the occupation of different niches, by reducing biotic and abiotic stress or exchanging growth factors and signaling. Microbial interactions occur by the transference of molecular and genetic information, and many mechanisms can be involved in this exchange, such as secondary metabolites, siderophores, quorum sensing system, biofilm formation, and cellular transduction signaling, among others. The ultimate unit of interaction is the gene expression of each organism in response to an environmental (biotic or abiotic) stimulus, which is responsible for the production of molecules involved in these interactions. Therefore, in the present review, we focused on some molecular mechanisms involved in the microbial interaction, not only in microbial–host interaction, which has been exploited by other reviews, but also in the molecular strategy used by different microorganisms in the environment that can modulate the establishment and structuration of the microbial community.
Explanation:
Answer:
is B) lowercase
Recessive alleles are denoted by a lowercase letter (a versus A). Only individuals with an aa genotype will express a recessive trait; therefore, offspring must receive one recessive allele from each parent to exhibit a recessive trait.
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