This ruling in McCulloch v. Maryland discusses the distribution of powers and faculties between the Federal Government and the States.
The Constitution of the United States attributes powers to the Federal Government in two ways: enumerating them and with an open clause, the Necessary and Proper Clause of Article I, Section 8, which establishes the power to dictate all the necessary and convenient laws to execute these powers. In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court interpreted the Constitution to determine that the Federal Government has implicit powers.
It was the Civil rights Act of 1866 that was passed by Congress to protect the voting rights of blacks in the South, although it wasn’t very effective, because it couldn't be enforced.
