re examining the relationship between the presence of arrhythmias, or irregular heartbeats, and stress. A random sample of 100 women between the ages of 30 and 50 were selected for a study. At the beginning of the study, each woman completed a questionnaire that classified them as having high or low stress.
Each woman was also given a fitness watch to wear for 1 week. The watches revealed to the researchers whether each woman had a heart arrhythmia. The following table gives the number of women that fall into each category.
Based on these data, which of the following conclusions is most appropriate?
(A) There is evidence that high stress causes heart arrhythmias, and the conclusion can be generalized to all women aged 30 to 50.
(B) There is evidence that high stress causes heart arrhythmias, and the conclusion can be generalized to all women aged 30 to 50 who wear a fitness watch.
(C) There is evidence that high stress causes heart arrhythmias, and the conclusion can be generalized to all women similar to those in the study.
(D) Although cause-and-effect cannot be established, there is an association between stress and the presence of heart arrhythmias for the population of all women aged 30 to 50.
(E) Although cause-and-effect cannot be established, there is an association between stress and the presence of heart arrhythmias for the population of all women.
