During the Cold War, the Soviet Union launched the satellite Sputnik, which was a major event because it launched the "space race" between the Soviet Union and the US.
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The passage talks about multi tribal groups and its common that the Natives would get enslaved to better the agricultural system for Spaniards.
Hope this helped!
The answer above is correct ^
The Himalayas and The Huang He River.
-12 on the number line goes away from -4 therefore making it lower