The 16th century saw the origins of the scientific revolution in Europe especially centred in the Rennaisance in Italy. Economically this was a response to the burgeoning trade in the Mediterranean between Italian ports and Middle Eastern and North African countries and under the tutelage of rich powerful families like the Medicis and also the transition from feudalism of the Middle Ages to the nascent capitalism in Europe. The geocentric theory of the earth was challenged by Galileo (Italian )and Copernicus (Polish) as a result of the intellectual foment brought in with capitalism. In mining, Georgius Agricola, who was trained as a physician began first-hand investigation of underground mines in the Erzgebirge Mts of Bohemia and wrote the treatise on this called De Re Metallica which was the authority on such mining/milling techniques for 200 years after. This was made possible by the personal investigation of the mines and discussion with the miners and mine managers which was a big break from the classical scholars who often merely speculated on things.
In effect, the third Estate was that of the peasents, while the other two estates represented the clergy and the other nobility, and therefore the absolute monarchy responsible for all this, together with the simbols of the oppression, such as the "Bastille" which was a jail in Paris.
Anti-federalists were those in the U.S. who opposed ratification of the US Constitution.
<h3>Who were anti-federalists?</h3>
These were people who were against the new U.S. Constitution which gave the federal governments more power.
Anti-federalists wanted more power for state governments because they believed that state power should be supreme.
Find out more on anti-federalists at brainly.com/question/857535.
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