Answer: Because the Muslim world was the center of philosophy, science, mathematics and other fields for most of the medieval period, many Arabic ideas and concepts were spread across Europe, and trade and travel through the region made understanding Arabic an essential skill for merchants and travelers alike.
Explanation:
If I remember it correctly the right answer is B. Religious traditions .
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Answer: complex legal codes government centered on religious and centralized government
Explanation: I am a 16 year old in college i already know this stuff
D. They wanted to ensure that the other could not attack and destroy them