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3 years ago

What are two ways scientists can describe the quality of measurements?

1 answer:

5 0

Two ways scientist Can describe the quality of measurements are (examples down below)
•The length of a piece of string can be measured by comparing the string against a meter stick.
•The volume of a drop of water may be measured using a graduated cylinder.
•The mass of a sample may be measured using a scale or balance.
•The temperature of a fire may be measured using a thermocouple.

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Burrowing animals like this one dig holes in the ground, breaking up soils. What kind of weathering is this?

Maslowich

Answer:

Weathering describes the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on the surface of the Earth. Water, ice, acids, salts, plants, animals, and changes in temperature are all agents of weathering.

6 0

2 years ago

4) A homozygous groucho fly ( gro, bristles clumped above the eyes) is crossed with a homozygous rough fly (ro, eye abnormality)

docker41 [41]

Answer and Explanation:

A homozygous groucho fly ( gro, bristles clumped above the eyes) is crossed with a homozygous rough fly (ro, eye abnormality).

The F1 females are testcrossed, producing these offspring: groucho 518 rough 471 groucho, rough 6 wild-type 5 1000 a) What is the linkage distance between the two genes? B) Plot the genes on a map c) If the genes were unlinked and the F1 females were mated with the F1 males, what would be the offspring in the F2 generation?

1st cross:

Parental) grogro ro+ro+ x gro+gro+ roro

F1) gro+gro ro+ro

2nd cross:

Parental) gro+gro ro+ro x grogro roro

Gametes) gro+ro+ gro ro

gro+ro gro ro

gro ro+ gro ro

gro ro gro ro

Punnet square)

gro+ro+ gro+ro gro ro+ gro ro

gro ro gro+gro ro+ro gro+gro roro grogro ro+ro grogro roro

F2)

0.518 grogro ro+ro (518 individuals)

0.471 gro+gro roro (471 individuals)

0.006 grogro roro (6 individuals)

0.005 gro+gro ro+ro (5 individuals)

Total number of individuals 1000

Note: These frequencies were calculated dividing the number of individuals belonging to each genotype by the total number of individuals in the F2.

To know if two genes are linked, we must observe the progeny distribution. If individuals, whos genes assort independently, are test crossed, they produce a progeny with equal phenotypic frequencies 1:1:1:1. If we observe a different distribution, that is that phenotypes appear in different proportions, we can assume that genes are linked in the double heterozygote parent.

In the exposed example we might verify which are the recombinant gametes produced by the F1 di-hybrid, and we can recognize them by looking at the phenotypes with lower frequencies in the progeny.

By performing this cross we know that the phenotypes with lower frequencies in the progeny are groucho, rough and wild-type. So the recombinant gametes are gro+ro+ and gro ro, while the parental gametes are gro+ro and gro ro+.

So, the genotype, in linked gene format, of the double heterozygote individual in the F1 is gro+ro/gro ro+.

To calculate the recombination frequency we will make use of the next formula: P = Recombinant number / Total of individuals. The genetic distance will result from multiplying that frequency by 100 and expressing it in map units (MU). One centiMorgan (cM) equals one map unit (MU).

The map unit is the distance between the pair of genes for which one of every 100 meiotic products results in a recombinant product.

The recombination frequency is:

P = Recombinant number / Total of individuals

P = 6 + 5 / 1000

P = 11 / 1000

P = 0.011

The genetic distance between genes, is 0.011 x 100= 1.1 MU.

Genetic Linkage Map:

Parental Phenotypes)

-----gro+------ro---- -----gro------ro+----

----- gro ------ro---- ---- gro------ ro ----

Recombinant phenotypes)

-----gro+------ro+---- -----gro------ro----

----- gro ------ ro---- -----gro------ro----

If the genes were unlinked and the F1 females were mated with the F1 males, the offspring in the F2 generation would have been

4/16 = 1/4 gro+gro ro+ro

4/16 = 1/4 gro+gro roro

4/16 = 1/4 grogro ro+ro

4/16 = 1/4 grogro roro

Their phenotypic frequencies would be 1:1:1:1 related.

7 0

3 years ago

What ways can help a Giant Panda from going extinct?

steposvetlana [31]

Answer: Use less paper

Explanation:

Giant pandas live on bamboo, which is scarce because bamboo trees are being cut down to make paper, which is destroying their natural habitat and only food source. By not using fewer paper products, you are helping to protect pandas from extinction.

6 0

2 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Horses and zebras can be bred to produce a zorse, which is infertile. Which is most likely the reason zebras and horses are cons

andrew11 [14]

Answer:

The correct option is B) Their offspring cannot breed.

Explanation:

Organisms belonging to the same species require the ability to breed and produce fertile offsprings. If two organisms breed to produce infertile offsprings, then they are not considered to belong in the same species. Infertile offsprings do not have the capability to reproduce. The breeding between a horse and a zebra produces zorse, which is sterile. This depicts that both the zebra and horse belong to different species as they cannot produce a fertile offspring.

4 0

3 years ago

What is an underlying problem affecting the freshwater

Nastasia [14]

our water pipes, and the led in some water sources.

3 0

3 years ago