Figurative is something that shouldn't be taking literally. For example, when you say "I have a ton of homework" you don't really mean you have 2000 pounds of homework.
Taxation without representation means that the colonists believed that they should not be taxed by a government, if they were not even allowed to hold office in said government. The colonists considered this a problem because even though the French-Indian war had put a dent in British economy, the colonists were not even allowed to decide whether the war should happen in the first place. After all it was their homeland. In addition the colonists, not being allowed to hold office, could not propose any modifications to the taxes.
The President was Harry Truman
They wanted to control all of the silver from the Americas, and that was the only way Europe was able to trade with China, which didn’t need any other goods from Europe
2. George Washington and James Madison