He worked in South AfricaIn 1893, he accepted a one-year contract with an Indian company operating in Natal, South Africa. He became interested in the situation of the 150,000 compatriots residing there, fighting against laws that discriminated against Indians in South Africa through passive resistance and civil disobedience. However, the incident that would serve as a catalyst for his political activism occurred several years later, when traveling to Pretoria, he was forcibly removed from the train at Pietermaritzburg station because he refused to move from the first class to the third class, Destined to the black people. Later, traveling on a stagecoach, he was beaten by the driver because he refused to give up his seat to a white-skinned passenger. In addition, in this trip, he suffered other humiliations when he was denied lodging in several hotels because of his race. This experience brought him much more in touch with the problems faced daily by black people in South Africa. Also, after suffering racism, prejudice and injustice in South Africa, he began to question the social situation of his countrymen and himself in the society of that country. When his contract was terminated, he prepared to return to India. At the farewell party in his honor in Durban, leafing through a newspaper, it was reported that a law was being drafted in the Legislative Assembly of Natal to deny the vote to the Indians. He postponed his return to India and engaged in the task of elaborating various petitions, both to the Natal Assembly and to the British Government, trying to prevent that law from being approved. Although it did not achieve its objective, since the law was enacted, it managed, however, to draw attention to the problems of racial discrimination against the Indians in South Africa.
Gandhi in South Africa (1895).He expanded his stay in this country, founding the Indian Party of the Congress of Natal in 1894. Through this organization he was able to unite the Indian community in South Africa into a homogenous political force, flooding the press and government with allegations of violations of the Civil rights of the Indians and evidence of discrimination by the British in South Africa. Gandhi returned to India shortly to take his wife and children to South Africa. Upon his return, in January 1897, a group of white men attacked him and tried to lynch him. As a clear indication of the values that would maintain throughout his life, he refused to report his attackers to justice, stating that it was one of his principles not to seek redress in court for damages inflicted on his person. At the beginning of the South African War, Gandhi considered that the Indians should participate in this war if they aspired to legitimize themselves as citizens with full rights. Thus, he organized bodies of non-combatant volunteers to assist the British. However, at the end of the war, the situation of the Indians did not improve; In fact, continued to deteriorate. In 1906, the government of Transvaal promulgated a law that forced all the Indians to register. This led to a massive protest in Johannesburg, where for the first time Gandhi adopted the platform called satyagraha ('attachment or devotion to truth') which consisted of a nonviolent protest. Gandhi insisted that the Indians openly defy, but without violence, the enacted law, suffering the punishment that the government would impose. This challenge lasted for seven years in which thousands of Indians were imprisoned (including Gandhi on several occasions), beaten and even shot for protest, refuse to register, burn their registration cards and any other form of nonviolent rebellion. Although the government managed to suppress the Indians' protest, the denunciation abroad of the extreme methods used by the South African government finally forced the South African general Jan Christian Smuts to negotiate a solution with Mahatma Gandhi.
Explanation:The Soviet Union was the first nation to successfully launch a satellite into space. The Sputnik Crisis was a defining influence in the official founding of NASA and it also increased the fear among the American public that the Soviets were superior since they ha success with the technology first.
As for the tactics part, guerilla warfare, done right, is so effective because it confers one very big advantage onto the guerilla: He never needs to fight in a disadvantageous position, has no supply line to speak of to protect and can always attack his opponent where he is weakest.
Explanation:
Although many of the engagements of the American Revolution were conventional, guerrilla warfare was used to a certain extent during this conflict from 1775 to 1783, which made a significant impact. . The Forage War raised morale for the Patriots as their guerrilla operations against the British were very effective.
The song "Oxford Town" was composed and sung by Bob Dylan in 1962. Though this song was originally about the James Meredith case, Dylan later commented that "<em>It deals with the Meredith case, but then again it doesn't... I wrote that when it happened, and I could have written that yesterday. It's still the same</em>".
The James Meredith case is one that rocked the whole nation. James Meredith was qualified to attend the University of Mississippi but since he was the first black man to be enrolled in the university, he wasn't given admission. He took the matter to court, leading the government to support him. At that time, the racial case of blacks versus white was a dominating and burning issue. This new case compelled the government to agree with the black man, leading to the blacks growing more confident of their fight for equality.
And with the increased interest and popularity of his case, James Meredith had to go for his classes accompanied by the National Guard. The racial controversy over a black man attending an all white university did not seem to go well with the white men who organized riots and demonstrations. This led to massive protests, resulting in the death of two people. The result was the deployment of the military by the government.
German people, whether Nazis or not, truly held to the idea that Germany was fighting for its freedom, even for its actual existence. But for Hitler, WWII was not about conquering former German territory in Poland or about consolidating nationalism for Germans living outside Germany. WWII was about the creation of a new racial order, one of German superiority over Slavs and Jews.
There was a strong politization of Germans after World War I. Once Hitler came to power in 1933, brainwash and seduction were the methods to reach German people. Even though questions of race, authority and loyalty were regularly deliberated, and only a minority became absolutely Nazis, most people were in agreement with the premises of the regime, including the confinement of German Jews. While most Germans had little idea about the Holocaust, this support made them accomplices of Hilter's "final solution".
The America Legislator that assaulted a fellow Congressman prior to the start of the Civil War was Preston Smith Brooks, an supporter of slavery, who beat Senator Charle Sumner, an abolitionist, close to death at the United State Senate itself. For decades later Senators carried weapons, including revolvers into the Senate to protect themselves from assaults. Preventive measures proved unsufficient, since many more violent acts happenned over the years.