Answer:
B. A drug that prevents the conversion of glucose into pyruvate
Explanation:
<em>Streptococcus mutans</em> is a facultatively anaerobic bacterium, i.e., a microorganism capable of producing ATP by both aerobic (when there is oxygen), and anaerobic (i.e., when there is no oxygen available) conditions. This bacterium is observed in the human oral cavity where causes the majority of tooth decay. <em>S. mutans</em> can digest carbohydrates (e.g. glucose, fructose and lactose) in order to produce lactic acid, which contributes to tooth decay. Glycolysis is the fermentation of glucose to pyruvate in anaerobic conditions, and thereby it is expected that a drug capable of preventing the conversion of glucose into pyruvate in anaerobic conditions is effective to prevent cavities caused by <em>S. mutans</em>.
Working with skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments and joints, the bones form the moving machinery of human body. The major role of bones in movement is that they act as levers, which make use of the forces generated by skeletal muscles in a beneficial way.
An emergent property is a property which a collection or complex system has, but which the individual members do not have. A failure to realize that a property is emergent, or supervenient, leads to the fallacy of division.
<span>In chemistry, for example, the taste of saltiness is a property of salt, but that does not mean that it is also a property of sodium and chlorine, the two elements which make up salt. Thus, saltiness is an emergent or a supervenient property of salt. Claiming that chlorine must be salty because salt is salty would be an example of the fallacy of division. </span>
<span>In biology, for example, heart is made of heart cells, heart cells on their own don't have the property of pumping blood. You will need the whole heart to be able to pump blood. Thus, the pumping property of the heart is an emergent or a supervenient property of the heart. Claiming that an individual heart cell can pump blood because the heart can would be an example of fallacy of division.</span>
