<span>[from Greek phyllon leaf] (1) leaf; (2) pigment in plant cells (chlorophyll).</span>
<span>North eastern region because of its arid climate</span>
The first sentence:
The sentence includes a present participle. (this is true: this participle is "passing")
The participial phrase modifies the word commuters. (false! it modifies "cars")
The participial phrase is essential. No commas are needed. (correct!)
The participial phrase is passing by. (this is also correct!)
The second sentence:
The sentence includes a past participle.
(correct! it's "derived")
The participial phrase modifies the words Middle Ages. (false!!!! it modifies "Family names")
The participial phrase is essential. No commas are needed.
(correct!)
The participial phrase is derived from people's surroundings.(correct again! this is the whole participial phrase)
Answer: The right answer is foreshadowing.
Explanation: Just to elaborate a little on the answer, it can be added that by hinting at what may happen in the future—Fortunato will eventually die, and indeed not of a cough, but by being buried alive—Poe is employing foreshadowing. Fortunato says that his cough will not kill him, to what Montresor replies "true—true," since he well knows that that's not going to be the cause of his death. An humiliated and vindictive Montresor will bury him alive. This technique keeps the reader engaged and interested.
