1. Which statement explains why the feudal system developed?
The correct answer is C, "There was no centralized power during the early Middle Ages." (Unlike the Roman Empire, the number of inhabitants in Western Europe dropped drastically so the political and economic power fragmented into small portions of land called "fiefs" which were more efficient with a reduced manpower.)
2. William the Conqueror / England
Ivan IV "the Terrible" / Russia
Louis IX / France
Ferdinand and Isabella "the Catholic Monarchs" / Spain
3. Why is Magna Carta important?
The correct answer is A, "It set limits on the power of the king."
9. What was the original purpose of the Holy Inquisition?
The correct answer is B, "The original purpose of the Inquisition to fight heresy within the Catholic Church." (Later on in Spain, it also dealt with the conversion of Jews to the Catholic faith and the prosecution of the secret practice of Judaism.)
10. What was the purpose of the Crusades?
The correct answer is A, "To reclaim the Holy Land (and the Holy Sepulcher) from Muslim control."
11. What was the main cause of the Hundred Years' War?
The correct answer is A, "The claim of English kings (beginning with Edward III) to the throne of France."
12. Why did feudalism decline and a new age of warfare begin after the Hundred Years' War?
The correct answer is A, "Because cannons became usefuk weapons against castles."
13. How did merchants and artisans contribute to the strength of nation-states?
The correct answer is C, They helped kingdoms increase their wealth and power."
14. Which statement best explains why the bubonic plague infected so many Europeans?
The correct answer is A, "The disease was carried to Europe by Italian sailors."
15. Which idea is best described by the map?
The correct answer is B, "The plague started in the south and spread north and west."
16. Which statement explains why landowners began paying wages to peasants who survived outbreaks of the bubonic plague?
The correct answer is A, "There was a shortage of farm labor."
17. How did the bubonic plague impact religion and spirituality in the years after the outbreak?
The correct answer is D, The Church increased its wealth by gaining all of the abandoned lands of the victims of the plague.
18. Which idea does this proverb represent? "Town air brings freedom." - Medieval proverb.
The correct answer is D, "Peasants could gain economic opportunity and status by escaping to a city."
