Answer & Explanation:
a) a) Mutualistic relationship differs from parasitism because the first one benefits both of the involved organisms. Otherwise, parasitism benefits only one of the organisms and it can harm the host. Therefore, the parasite would have to be smaller than the host and it would be somehow extracting energy from the host.
b) The direction of evolutionary changes would follow some kind of pattern, like coevolution. Therefore, analyzing the phylogenies individually and then contrasting them, would help to understand how the host, as well as the parasite, have been evolving.
c) The phylogeny would also help to understand what changed first, or if they changed together as a result of coevolution.
Difference:
The biological process of sexual reproduction requires the input of genetic material from many people. When a flower self-pollinates, for example, the term "individual" might refer to gamete cells developing as a single physical or even genetic organism. I don't want to substitute the word "cell" for "person," either, as that would eliminate instances of acellular biologic entities that reproduce, like viruses. When a piece of a chromosome from one bacterium is injected into another, it recombines and reproduces there, with or without sporulation, which is one instance of what I consider sexual reproduction but which not all viewers would. My notion just requires some genetic material, even in the form of an episome, not gametes. Asexual phases are included in nearly all forms of reproduction, but I regard all of them to be a part of sexual reproduction when they take place throughout a life cycle that also contains an obligatory sexual phase. Brewer's yeast serves as an illustration of the distinction I make because either the diploid or haploid stage, which could be classified as a gametophyte or sporophyte, can be maintained through an infinite number of mitoses. As a result, I consider vegetative propagation to be asexual reproduction.
Now that you have the difference compare the similarties.
Answer:
I don't have two but here is one.
Explanation:
In 1998, the Ecuadorian government enacted the Galápagos Special Law, a legal framework to protect the Galápagos.
The immigration of extra rabbits into a forest ecosystem can affect the population of herbivores living in the forest.
<h3>What is immigration?</h3>
Immigration is the movement of people or animals from external locations into a population.
With new individuals moving into a population, the population size increases with other factors being constant.
With the increase in the population size, competition for resources increases accordingly.
Thus if extra rabbits move into a forest ecosystem, the population of herbivores existing in the ecosystem would be affected because competition for food would increase.
More on immigration can be found here: brainly.com/question/13688875
