Firstly, ribosomes make the proteins and the proteins are being transported in membrane bound vesicles to the Golgi apparatus.Golgi apparatus then chemically stores and modifies the proteins and packages them in vesicles before secreting out of the cell. The vesicles fuse with the cell surface membrane to release the proteins out of the cell.
accumulations of genetic mutations over time.
Genetic and epigenetic changes compound over time to cause cancer. While aging and chronic inflammation are the major causes of epigenetic changes, carcinogenic substances, UV radiation, and other conditions can also cause genetic changes. Our prior exposure levels and life history are reflected in the accumulation and patterns of changes in normal cells. The majority of accumulated changes are regarded as passengers, although they are linked to cancer drivers as they accumulate. Although only hypothesized for genetic changes, this has been demonstrated for aberrant DNA methylation. However, modern technology has made it possible to assess uncommon point mutations, and research has revealed that the rates of their accumulation do actually correspond with cancer risk.
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