The HDI is necessary because it was created to emphasize that people and their capabilities should be the ultimate criteria for assessing the development of a country, not economic growth alone. The HDI uses the logarithm of income, to reflect the diminishing importance of income with increasing GNI.
The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Although the question does not provide any options, we can say that the ethical standard that waiting to propose the study violates is "Informed Consent to Research."
In this case, Professor Hammond, first, had to inform the students about the study she was doing so the students were aware of this situation is class. So once she notified the class about her research, then ask them their consent to participate in the study. They probably had to sign a document that serves as an agreement of their participation. The students then would be aware of the details of the research and they would decide if they want to be part of the study. That is the ethical way to proceed.
The purpose of the filibuster is to delay the procedures of the senate so that the discussed bill will either lapse or withdraw by the majority of senators.
The filibuster is a technic that is used by one or more senators, in this tacit senator continuously debate on the issue, he may bring unnecessary topics or conversation to delay the time.
The Senate gives unlimited time to its senator to discuss any particular bill or issue, but the house of Representatives has only limited time that's why this tactic is commonly used in the senate.
Cloture- To counter this loophole in the senate, in 1917 the senate adopted a new procedure called cloture. The cloture restricts the unlimited debating time of the senate on issues, bills, and amendments to 30 hours. Initially, cloture required two-thirds votes but later it was reduced to three-fifth votes.
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The correct answer would be option A, Area residents.
The state of Florida funds a program to recruit scholars and researchers to reduce pollutants in the Everglades and restore endangered species. Over time, area residents benefit from cleaner water resources as well as unique ecosystem. Area residents represents the free riders in this example.
Explanation:
Free riders, as the name suggests, are the people who take advantage of the things free of cost. People who take benefits of something without putting any effort or without paying for it, are called the free riders.
In the given example, The state of Florida wants to reduce the pollutants in the everglades and restore the endangered species. For this, they funded a program to recruit scholars and researchers. As a result of their work to reduce the pollutants and restore the species, the unique ecosystem came to existence and the cleaner water supply was made possible. So these were the things from which the Area residents were benefited. So here Area residents acts as Free Riders.
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The colonists were not at all happy at the way Stamp Act was forced on them without taking their consent. The tax was being taken by the Britishers to support their wars in North America. The colonists not only debated about this tax in colonial legislature, but also distributed written documents against the act. Mob or crowd action against the tax collectors was another way of protesting against the tax. Colonists were so angry that they even tar and feather the tax collectors. This ways were all to indicate their anger towards implementation of the Stamp Act.
