Roe v Wade is about abortion, Mapp v Ohio is unlawful search and seizure, Texas v Johnson is flag burning, and Gideon v Wainwright is to provide an attorney. So it's actually Texas v Johnson.
Parliament, although it was dissolved multiple times, starting with the signing of the magna carta, gained power by pushing the king into giving them more over time. Eventually they had enough power to overthrow and execute a king, namely Charles the first who was convicted for high treason.
I’m fairly positive it’s A. the church took total control using fear as its weapon.
Couple of reasons: First, he was a man with a considerable ego. There is no reasonable argument against him needing to be the centre of attention and the top of the heap.
Second, the Revolution, capital r, had failed. After the execution of Robespierre, certain people in positions of influence in France began to realise that popular rule and Rousseau's idealism wasn't helping anyone, in the form that it had manifested.
Hope this helped!