The correct answer would be option C, Negative Reinforcement.
A behavioral psychologist would observe that your studying behavior has been conditioned through negative reinforcement.
Explanation:
Negative Reinforcement is a concept that is given by B.F Skinner. He present his theory of Operant Conditioning in which he explained about negative and positive reinforcement, and negative and positive punishment.
According to Skinner, A negative reinforcement is something when a behavior or response is strengthened by removing or avoiding a negative outcome. For example, when a child do the dishes to avoid her mother's nagging.
Similarly, study to avoid bad grades is the example of negative reinforcement.
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After major Union victories at the battles of Gettysburg and Vicksburg in 1863, President Abraham Lincoln began preparing his plan for Reconstruction to reunify the North and South after the war’s end. Because Lincoln believed that the South had never legally seceded from the Union, his plan for Reconstruction was based on forgiveness. He thus issued the Proclamation Of Amnesty And Reconstruction in 1863 to announce his intention to reunite the once-united states. Lincoln hoped that the proclamation would rally northern support for the war and persuade weary Confederate soldiers to surrender.
The one that is being referred to as the whole set of meanings, beliefs, attitudes, and ways of doing things that are shared by some homogenous social group and typically handed down from generation to generation is called culture. A culture is considered to be a norm and a social behavior in which humans consider it to be a central concept as the beliefs, attitudes, and customs are being transmitted or passed down from one group to another.
Explanation:
Its the fundamental tenet of Muslims that all those who do not believe in Allah, are infidels and do not deserve to live. Same was the case when the Muslims came invading India, they gave two options: to convert or die! Later on the Muslims diluted their “killing" options to “extra tax" or “protection money". The long Muslim rule over a large part of India with such inhuman rules have caused deep resentment among the Hindus who survive today.
Although, the Muslims got their own nation based on religion, a large number of Muslims consider themselves as Indians and live in harmony with the Hindus.
Presently, rarely any case of forcible conversion from Hindu to Islam come to notice, but the long-ingrained mutual hatred and distrust still exists. Hindus cannot forget the tragedies faced by their ancestors while some Muslim still harbour their dislike towards non-Muslims
Answer:
The state of nature is a theoretical concept in political philosophy which indicates the condition which human beings live, before being formed into a political body. For Thomas Hobbes, human beings exist in a state of nature where all make war upon all. Jean Jacques Rousseau, on the other hand, states that human beings live in a state of nature corrupted by the establishment of political and social bonds.
Explanation:
