It would be that "d. England's colonies provided markets for manufactured goods," that was not a reason why the Industrial Revolution began in England, since in fact the English colonies were mostly used to extract raw materials.
Answer:
I think so that "Oliver Cromwell ".
In the Spanish colonies in America the colonists created a kind of caste system based on ethnic hierarchy which of course put the Spaniards on top. The rest of ethnic groups ranked based on their resemblance of the Spaniards so for example the Indians would be ranked higher than Blacks as they more resembled the Spaniards.
The pardoner is characterized in this passage as AN EFFECTIVE SPEAKER AND A SKILLED CON ARTIST.
From the passage given above, the pardoner is shown to be an effective speaker who know how to get the attention of his audience, he is also shown to be a skilled con artist because from the passage we are told that he tricks other people to believe in his lies.