“Crime” is not a phenomenon that can be defined according to any objective set of criteria. Instead, what a particular state, legal regime, ruling class or collection of dominant social forces defines as “crime” in any specific society or historical period will reflect the political, economic and cultural interests of such forces. By extension, the interests of competing political, economic or cultural forces will be relegated to the status of “crime” and subject to repression,persecution and attempted subjugation. Those activities of an economic, cultural or martial nature that are categorized as “crime” by a particular system of power and subjugation will be those which advance the interests of the subjugated and undermine the interests of dominant forces. Conventional theories of criminology typically regard crime as the product of either “moral” failing on the part of persons labeled as “criminal,” genetic or biological predispositions towards criminality possessed by such persons, “social injustice” or“abuse” to which the criminal has previously been subjected, or some combination of these. (Agnew and Cullen, 2006) All of these theories for the most part regard the “criminal as deviant” perspective offered by established interests as inherently legitimate, though they may differ in their assessments concerning the matter of how such “deviants” should be handled. The principal weakness of such theories is their failure to differentiate the problem of anti-social or predatory individual behavior<span> per se</span><span> from the matter of “crime” as a political, legal, economic and cultural construct. All human groups, from organized religions to outlaw motorcycle clubs, typically maintain norms that disallow random or unprovoked aggression by individuals against other individuals within the group, and a system of penalties for violating group norms. Even states that have practiced genocide or aggressive war have simultaneously maintained legal prohibitions against “common” crimes. Clearly, this discredits the common view of the state’s apparatus of repression and control (so-called “criminal justice systems”) as having the protection of the lives, safety and property of innocents as its primary purpose.</span>
Within the Article VI, Section 3 of the United States
Constitution, we can find a clause which is called as the “No Religious Test
Clause”. By simple terms, this clause means that no federal office holder or
employee can be mandated to stick on to or believe any particular religion or
doctrine as a requirement to holding a federal office or a federal government
job.
However there are eight states which do required
officeholders to adhere even with the passage of this constitution. These
states are Texas, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Maryland, North Carolina,
Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and Tennessee. This is because these e<span>ight states include language in their
constitutions which requires state officeholders to believe in a particular
religion or specifically protecting those who do. Additionally, some of these
states have the words “so help me God” in the oath of office.</span>
Answer:
Explanation:
El partido político beneficia a várias personas en cambio los grupos de presión sólo beneficia a un objetivo que tienen en común y son estrictos en las reglas mientras que los partidos políticos no
Answer:
Its base is in Dutch words, but it was affected by local, European and slave languages.
Explanation:
Afrikaans which is the official language people used during the apartheid era is known to have evolved during the 19th century in Southern Africa. The language is said to have its roots mainly in Dutch, then mixed with Khoekhoe, San languages and Portuguese.
Since the language is associated with white speakers, it was then concluded that it was a “white language”.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Flying birds that rely on food on the ground will not get affected by an oil spill in the water. The polar bear will, because the seal might have oil on it and the polar bear would die. A penguin would die because fish would have oil on it too. Fish would die from the oil. The answer is A.