The main component are electrons.
A chemical bond is any attractive interaction that keeps atoms short. This interaction can be directional as the bond between two atoms within a molecule, or non-directional as the electrostatic interaction that keeps the ions of an ion crystal in contact. It can be strong like the two previous examples, or weak as van der Waals interactions that are dipolar in nature.
Many models exist to describe these interactions. For example, the chemical bond between two atoms within a molecule can be described with the Lewis model or with a quantum model, like the theory of molecular orbitals. In both cases, the origin of the interaction is a sharing of electrons between the two partner atoms of the chemical bond.
There are three types of chemical bonds: single bonds, double bonds, and triple bonds. Indeed, the type of chemical bond depends on the number of electrons shared between the bound atoms:
* Simple bonds have 2 shared electrons.
* Double bonds have 4 shared electrons.
* Triple bonds have 6 shared electrons.
This number of electrons shared between the atoms depends on the electronic structure of these atoms and thus on the rules of the byte and the duet.
