It was General Horatio Gates who commanded the American soldiers in 1777 between September to October who held captive the five thousand eight hundred (5,800) British soldiers that at the same time under General Burgoyne at Saratoga near New York. This war took place during the American Revolutionary War. The victory ended so great in favor of the Americans causing some French to side the Americans. This scenario was called to be the turning point of the war between the France and the United States of America.
The idea that states have powers separate from the federal government.
prior to European colonization in Africa, slavery had already existed between the people there, slave owners would willingly offer their slaves to the Europeans in order to protect them selves, the europeans can argue that they did not establish slavery, rather, they continued work that seemed beneficial to them.
Yes, the Mexican American residents of these territories did become U.S. citizens.