The United States emerged as a leading world power after world war I due to the treaty of Versailles. This is my best answer. I hope this helps! :)
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In the case of the former slaves who became free after slavery was abolished, they were not always treated as such. Sure they were free in the eyes of the law, but many opportunities that a lot of white folk had weren't immediately available to everyone. In theory, being free could mean having more opportunities, but you have to remember just because you're free it doesn't mean you are guaranteed certain rights or opportunities as others are, it just means you have free will and you aren't in shackles. After all being free doesn't mean being fair or equal, and they are definitely not synonymous.
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I think it is c: southern and eastern Europe not sure tho :/
The Roman sword was patterned after the Celtic sword. The Celt sword could be long or short, but was most often short and was double-edged with a blood groove. The short Roman sword was the one Rome used to conquer the world.
I could be wrong but I believe it was through collectivization? They took away private farms and made them all owned by the state.