A type of glycocalyx called the slime layer is loosely attached to the bacterial cell and protects it from dehydration and loss of nutrients .
<h3>What is glycocalyx ?</h3>
The glycocalyx is a thick outer covering of the plasma membrane .it is of stands of sugars and proteins bound together ,the result is a thick ,sticky layer that helps cells stay put in environments with lots of physical stress .it is a glycoprotein and glycolipid covering that surrounds the cell membranes of bacteria ,epithelial cells and other cells .
Glycocalyx in humans : it is important to both vascular function and the digestive system . your blood vessels actually tiny tubes made of cells .the cells on the very inside of the tube are called endothelial cells and have to withstand the stress of blood flowing over them constantly. endothelial cells produce a glycocalyx which helps leukocytes and thrombocytes stick to blood vessel walls.it is the protective layer of the endothelial cells found in the lumen side of the vessels .
Glycocalyx in bacteria : most of the bacteria produce glycocalyx but some are expert .these expert bacteria make a very thick glycocalyx that helps them to adhere to each other and surfaces in extreme environments .bacteria use the glycocalyx to make thick films of bacteria in nature as well ,called a biofilm .
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Embryophyta is a clade within the Phragmoplastophyta, a larger clade that also includes several green algae groups. Embryophytes are the plants growing on land which include hornworts, liverworts, gymnosperms, flowering plants etc while green algae mostly thrive in aquatic environment.
The conduction of water requires vascular tissue called xylem. In green algae, it is not necessary to have water conducting tissue as the entire body is in contact with water. However in embryophytes, having a vascular tissue is an adaptation that ensures to provide water to the higher parts of the plant which is not directly in contact with the soil.
Answer:
65536 cells
Explanation:
starting from 1 cell at zero minutes there will be 1 (2^0) cell; 2^0 = 1
after 15 minutes there will be 2 (2^1) cells
after another 15 minutes ( 30 min) there will be 4 ( 2²) cells
after another 15 minutes ( 45 min) there will be 8 (2³) cells
after n number of 15 minutes there will be (2^n) cells
calculate number of 15 minutes in 4 hours
4 hours = 4 × 60 minutes
number ( n) of 15 minutes in 4 hours = (4 × 60 minutes) / 15 minute = 16
using the formula above and substitute 16 for n in the formula
Number of cells = 2 ^n = 2^16 = 65536 cells
DNA evidence and the fossil record indicate are the ancestors of the living cetaceans were land-dwelling mammals. DNA evidence allows to trace the evolutionary origin of taxonomic groups.
DNA evidence refers to the linear order of nucleotides, which can be used to trace the evolutionary origin of a particular taxonomic group.
When the linear order of DNA nucleotides is conserved, it is known as sequence homology.
Fossils are preserved remains of organisms that once lived on the Earth, which can also be used as evidence to trace the evolutionary origin of a given group.
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Answer;
-Cell
Explanation;
-The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of living organisms, which can exist on its own. Therefore, it is sometimes called the building block of life. Cells make up the smallest level of a living organism such as human beings and other living things.
-The cellular level of an organism is where the metabolic processes occur that keep the organism alive. That is why the cell is called the fundamental unit of life. Some organisms, such as bacteria or yeast, are unicellular; consisting only of a single cell, while others, for instance, mammalians, are multicellular.
