Question

Match the definition to the term.

Answer 1

Post hoc: fallacy in logic that assumes a cause-and-effect relationship because of sequence.

Post hoc is a fallacy since it implies that one event is the consequence of a previous event just because it comes later. Usually, if one event is after another, it does not mean one event is the cause or consequence of another just because they are correlative in time.

Inferences:  reasoning from several particular examples to establish a general principle.

Inference means reaching a conclusion based on evidence.

Inductive reasoning: drawing conclusions from implied information.

Inductive reasoning uses data or information given to reach a general conclusion. it goes from specific to general.

Deductive reasoning: drawing a particular conclusion from general premises.

Deductive reasoning approach is based on a general statement or theory in order to reach a logical conclusion.

Answer 2

1. reasoning from several particular examples to establish a general principle: inductive reasoning

2. drawing a particular conclusion from general premises: deductive reasoning

3. fallacy in logic that assumes a cause-and-effect relationship because of sequence: post hoc

4. drawing conclusions from implied information:inferences

Examples:

Inductive reasoning: The neighbour has got the latest cell phone. She has got a smart TV and she has got two laptops. The neighbour knows about technology.

Deductive reasoning: Dogs do not like vegetables. Carol is my dog. Carol should not like vegetables.

post hoc. " You are a woman so you should know how to change diapers."

inferences: Whenever her husband gets home, he goes to the living room. He does not talk to anyone. He plays some romantic music and drinks some whisky. He looks at his cell phone all the time. He must have a mistress.