Answer:
Carbon is a non-metallic and solid chemical element that is found in certain inorganic compounds and in all organic compounds. There are several types of carbons, which are the following:
CRYSTALS
Diamond: by having a SP 3 hybridization, this carbon is the hardest element. It is characterized by having a tetrahedral structure. It is characterized by being a high quality electrical insulator and is also a semiconductor.
Graphite: this material is composed of numerous sheets that have hexagonally located carbon atoms. Thanks to its SP 2 hybridization it manages to conduct electricity.
AMORPHES
A. Natural: these carbons are impure and are the result of the petrification processes of decomposed organic materials.
Coal: this rock has different percentages of carbon ranging between 50% and 80% of its totality. It is characterized by its black being with greasy or matte sheen, it is brittle, extremely hard and consists of compressed lignite.
Peat: This material is characterized by its abundance of carbon, has a rather dark brown color and is composed of compact organic matter. Something that differentiates it from the other materials is that the peat can crumble.
Anthracite: this mineral is the one with the highest amount of carbon, which reaches 95% of its total composition. It has a characteristic brightness and hardness.
Lignite: this has a texture similar to wood, matter from which it comes. It is brown or black and is formed from compressed peat.
B. Artificial: these are stone carbons which depend on their composition and age.
Animal carbon: this material is the result of bones that undergo dry combustion or distillation.
Coke coal: this fuel is acquired from distilled coal that calcites are added to achieve better combustion. This process is carried out in closed furnaces where the fuel is subjected to extremely high temperatures.
Retort coal: this material, widely used in construction, is a good conductor of electricity and heat. It is characterized by its hardness and is found in retort walls of refractory material. In them, coal is distilled.
