<span>The population of U.S. cities tripled between 1870 and 1900 because of the advantages perceived to come from living in the city, including modern conveniences, such as indoor plumbing and the telephone, higher salaries, increased job opportunities and greater opportunities for amusement. However, city life in the 1800s also often came with overstressed sewage systems, rapidly spreading disease and squalid living conditions. </span>
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The Mexican American war had almost doubled the size of the United States. This had led to the debate on what Northerners and Southerners should do with it (regarding slavery states).
They were given a pardon.
As a candidate, Carter himself had said he advocated "pardon" -- a term he preferred over "amnesty." He said, "Amnesty means that what you did was right. Pardon means that
what you did, whether it's right or wrong, you are forgiven
for it. And I do advocate a pardon for draft evaders. ... Now is the time to heal our country after the Vietnam war. ... I hope to bring about an end to the divisiveness that has occurred in our country as a result of the Vietnam war."
On his second day in office, President Carter in fact did pardon draft dodgers. This applied only to civilians who evaded the draft. It did not apply to active duty military personnel who went absent without leave (AWOL) or deserted their units during the war.
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These groups became the grassroots organizers of future sit-ins at lunch counters, wade-ins at segregated swimming pools, and pray-ins at white-only churches. By sitting in protest at an all-white lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, four college students sparked national interest in the push for civil rights.
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