On Average, the leadership style that is acceptable within Japanese culture tend to be different compared to the leadership style in western countries.
In business meeting, Average Japanese leaders tend to play as a silent yet analytic observer rather than the main speaker .They will carefully let each members talk about their experience along with possible ideas that might benefit the company.
The leader will use this data to make the decision without the members. it's extremely rare that businesses in Japan made their decision through voting among members, regardless of the size of the company.
I think it's Town Meetings. Correct me if I'm wrong. But Town Meetings have been heavily praised for being a stepping stone for democracy throughout history.
During the high Middle Ages, the Roman Catholic Church became organized into an elaborate hierarchy with the pope as the head in western Europe. He establish supreme power.
