The correct answer is - d. It created a Jewish state on land that most Arabs believed rightfully belonged to the Palestinians.
The creation of Israel in 1948 meant that the first Jewish country in the world has been formed. While that has come to a big delight of the Jewish people and big sympathy from the international community, the Arab countries did not shred that view, and considered it as invasion and stealing of land.
Prior to the big Jewish migration back to Israel, the majority of the population for centuries has been Arab population. So the mass movement of Jews back to their homeland resulted in lot of tensions and conflicts, including three wars, and an ongoing tensions and conflicts even nowadays.
Advantages. Some historians have suggested that two-party systems promote centrism and encourage political parties to find common positions which appeal to wide swaths of the electorate. It can lead to political stability which leads, in turn, to economic growth.
