Answer:
It describes the principle of federalism.
Congressman Jack Kemp was critical of President Ronald Reagan's early economic policies. Kemp felt that there was, under Reagan, an unreasonable tax on labor. Over time, Kemp and Reagan began to see eye to eye on economic issues, and revised the tax code - so it encouraged labor over machinery - in accordance.
Hong Kong was gained during the Opium wars.
All of the above except an internal combustion engine
If by Christian Church you mean Catholic Church(as their was and is the Eastern Orthodox, which historically didn't get along well with Catholics) then the Reformation.