Answer:During the Age of Discovery during the 15th century, Portugal and Spain were the leaders. Those two countries were colonizing much of South America, Africa, and some parts of Southern Asia. Later on, France was one of the bigger colonization countries.
Explanation:
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Cost minimization and opportunity maximization are the primary goals of a cooperative strategy. Yes, firms can use both to be achieved simultaneously.
Cost-minimization technique:- the firm develops formal contracts with its partners. Those contracts specify how the cooperative method is to be monitored and how associate conduct is controlled. The aim of this method is to reduce the cooperative method’s cost and to save you opportunistic behavior by way of partners.
The opportunity-maximization technique:- focuses on a partnership’s value-advent opportunities. In this case, companions are prepared to take advantage of unexpected opportunities to analyze from every other and to explore extra marketplace place opportunities. Much less formal contracts, with fewer constraints on partners’ behaviors, make it viable for partners to discover how their assets and capabilities may be shared in a couple of value-creating ways.
Both be done simultaneously:- firms can effectively use both approaches to manage cooperative techniques. But, the fees to display the cooperative approach are extra with price minimization, in that writing certain contracts and the use of sizable tracking mechanisms is high-priced, even though the approach is meant to reduce alliance costs.
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Strengthened the central government
lowered taxes and took some lands from wealthy to give to peasants
revived civil service -> intelligent and capable governing class --> moderately wealthy families shared in China's government
crushing taxes during fall
Answer:
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Explanation:
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