In contrast to compact bone, spongy bones does not contain true Haversian systems( tiny tubes that form a network in bone and contain blood vessels) but consist of an irregular lattice of thin plates of bone called trabeculae.The spaces between trabeculae are filled with marrow. The cells of the red marrow are responsible for producing blood. Within trabeculae lie lacunae which contain osteocytes.<span> Blood vessels from the periosteum penetrate through to the spongy bone, and osteocytes in the trabeculae are nourished directly from the blood circulating through the marrow cavities.</span>
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Ancient China
Earthenware, stoneware, and bronze were common mediums used in ancient China.
Earthenware is clay fired at relatively low temperatures of between 1,000 to 1,150 degrees.
Stoneware is made from a particular clay which is fired at a higher temperature of 1,200°C. This results in a more durable material, with a denser, stone-like quality.
no energy is accuring because your hands are too cold
The structure of a typical antibody molecule
Antibodies are the secreted form of the B-cell receptor. An antibody is identical to the B-cell receptor of the cell that secretes it except for a small portion of the C-terminus of the heavy-chain constant region. In the case of the B-cell receptor the C-terminus is a hydrophobic membrane-anchoring sequence, and in the case of antibody it is a hydrophilic sequence that allows secretion. Since they are soluble, and secreted in large quantities, antibodies are easily obtainable and easily studied. For this reason, most of what we know about the B-cell receptor comes from the study of antibodies.
Antibody molecules are roughly Y-shaped molecules consisting of three equal-sized portions, loosely connected by a flexible tether. Three schematic representations of antibody structure, which has been determined by X-ray crystallography, are shown in Fig. 3.1. The aim of this part of the chapter is to explain how this structure is formed and how it allows antibody molecules to carry out their dual tasks—binding on the one hand to a wide variety of antigens, and on the other hand to a limited number of effector molecules and cells. As we will see, each of these tasks is carried out by separable parts of the molecule. The two arms of the Y end in regions that vary between different antibody molecules, the V regions. These are involved in antigen binding, whereas the stem of the Y, or the C region, is far less variable and is the part that interacts with effector cells and molecules.
