The piece of cheese in the refrigerator had the least amount of chemical change.
- Moulding occurs on substances which are warm and moist
- Mold thrives in warm and humid places
- In refrigerators, the environment is cool and dry
- This environment hinders the growth of mold
- The bacteria and fungi require optimum temperatures to flourish, which is not present in a refrigerator
- The cheese placed outside and on the counter will grow mold as those environments do not arrest the growth of mold
- Refrigeration ensures that food is not spoilt
Therefore, the least amount of chemical change takes place on the cheese placed in the refrigerator.
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This is because toxins are ingested by organisms and accumulate in the fatty tissues. Theses toxins then become more concentrated in successive trophic levels of a food web biological magnification. Magnification occurs because the biomass at any given trophic level is produced from a much larger biomass ingested from the level below and therefore, top-level carnivores tend to be the organisms most severely affected by toxic compounds.
Answer:
The options
A)Damage to cellular mitochondria
B)Increased ATP levels
C)Activation of the p53 protein
D)Apoptosis
The CORRECT ANSWER IS D
D)Apoptosis
Explanation:
The extrinsic pathway of apoptosis includes extracellular signaling proteins which adhere to cell surface molecules known aa death receptors which in turn activates apoptosis.
The aftermath activates endonucleases prompting division of DNA and ultimately cell death.
Apart from the TNF and Fas ligand, primary signaling molecules also promotes the extrinsic pathway, examples of such are the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL); the cytokineinterleukin-1 (IL-1); and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the endotoxin located in the outer cell membrane of gram-negative bacteria while the activation of the p53 protein, and decreased ATP levels in the intrinsic pathway results in DNA damage.
Answer:
Steps to cellular respiration:
1) In the first step of respiration, glycolysis occurs in which glucose molecule is converted into pyruvate molecule.
2) Krebs cycle is also called citric acidity cycle. In this cycle, hydrogen and electron are produced from the oxidation of pyruvate molecule and provides to electron transport chain.
3) Electrons carried by NADH + H and FADH2 are converted into oxygen through a series of electron carriers, and production of ATP occurs.
