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D. harsh because many people lacked basic necessities
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in Britain, where no revolt happened, that the most change occurred. In large part this change resulted from the societal transformation created by the Industrial Revolution. Even so, the July Revolution certainly spurred the political processThe British Reform Bill of 1832 was really a compromise, since the reformers did not get everything they wanted. However, the bill was very important in that it made way for future reforms. Especially since the manufacturing cities of the North finally had substantial representation, the balance of power in British politics changed. Wealthy businessmen became part of the political elite. Parties reorganized, and the Whigs, a few radical Tories, and the radical industrialists formed the Liberal Party, while most of the Tories formed the Conservative Party. Under this new political configuration, and with the certain progression of the industrial revolution, further reforms were destined to take place. Interestingly, one aristocratic tactic to maintain power involved allying with the workers to strike back at the wealthy liberal businessmen.
England in the 1830s was a country in thrall to industrialisation. But new machines gave rise to new political problems: a middle class with a growing political consciousness, the dangers of the unregulated, uninspected factory floor, and the drain of workers from the country to England's great industrial cities
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After the visits of the US mission of commodore M. Perry in 1853-1854, the Japanese elites realized that Japan had become backward and that it had to reform quickly in order to avoid shairing the fate of China or other Asian countries that had turned into European colonies. They decided to launch a process of modernization and quickly catch up with the West. That was the prevailing idea at the start of the Meiji era. However, quick modernization was accompanied with the determination to retain the most important elements of Japanese culture and character. Actually, along its road to becoming one of the most advanced nations of the planet, Japan has striven to strike a balance between assimilation of foreign influences and keeping the distinctive features of Japaneseness. By 1895, Japan had entered the exclusive club of the global great powers by decisively defeating China, and in 1905 it was the turn of Russia. The Meiji reforms were undoubtedly successful, achieving the goals of fast modernization and industrialization set at the beginning, but retaining the key elements of Japanese culture and identity.
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