Descriptive investigations involve collecting data about a system, but not making tests or experiments.
Making tests belongs to experimental investigations.
Descriptive investigations aim to draw conclusions from observations of the fenomena, while experimental investigations design tests that let the researcher to compare results on different conditions with a control situation.
There is also the so called comparative investigations which collect data from under different conditions but do not include the control situtation.
Answer: If you're starting with the lowest court then:
U.S. District Court, U.S. Court of Appeals, U.S. Surpreme Court.
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A-B-A-B design could provide the most valid non intervention measure with demonstration of experimental control.
In statistics, the experimental design, also known as the design of experiment (DOE), is described as the layout of an information-gathering experiment in which a variation may or may not be present. Typically, controlled experiments use this phrase. In order to make the results more reliable, these tests minimize the impacts of the variable. In this design, a group of people, plants, animals, etc. may participate in an experimental unit's procedure.
Pre-experimental research designs are the most straightforward kind of experimental research designs in statistics. Following the identification of some factors as causes and effects, a group or groups are kept under observation in this method. Typically, this approach is used to determine whether the targeted group need additional research. This is the reason why this procedure is regarded as being economical.
Learn more about experimental control here
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