Another name for England is United Kingdom.
Merchant families that ruled Italian city-states established: B. their own armies.
In the Renaissance epoch, Italy was formed by many city-states with powerful people as the rulers. They were in conflict with each other quite often. That is why these cities had their own armies to protect their merchant, their political interests and their cultural influence in the region.
Answer:
a) The cities were unprepared for so many new inhabitants.
Reword the answer above with your own words
