The term is "linkage institution".
linkage institution is any institution which help people connect to a Government or any central authority of the place or country. Some simple examples of the linkage institutions include <span> elections, political parties, interest groups, and the media.</span>
Answer:
In most systems, the prime minister is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet. In a minority of systems, notably in semi-presidential systems, a prime minister is the official appointed to manage the civil service and execute the directives of the head of state.
Explanation:
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What happened in South Africa is that the regime fell under the international pressure (the correct answer is b). Some example of this international pressure were trade sanctions, prohibition for the officials to enter other countries and the lack of permission to fly over the airspace of other countries.