Answer:
d. less than 100% of the energy captured from sunlight is transformed into potential energy in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient and then into potential energy in the form of covalent bonds
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is process utilized by plants, several bacteria and protists to convert the light energy to chemical energy. So they utilize the photosynthesis as the powerhouse for the energy production. Heterotrophs like human that cannot synthesize their own food, use this converted form of energy by autotrophs.
During the light reaction of photosynthesis the photons from light are absorbed by photosystem I and II. These photons excites the electrons which flow through the electron transport chain from higher potential to lower potential. These electrons release the energy while moving from higher potential to lower potential which is utilized by H+ pump to pump the H+ to lumen of plastids from stroma and of course not the 100% energy is utilized some of the energy dissipates. . So this process causes the accumulation of high potential H+ ions across the membrane. These H+ ions are utilized for the production of ATP by ATP synthase complex when they flow back to lower potential across the membrane through ATP synthase complex.
The ATP and NADPH produced from light reaction are utilized to combine carbon molecules during dark reaction. The covalent bond is used to combine the carbon molecules and we know that combining carbon molecules stores energy in the form of covalent bond.
The statement is true. The test is used to measure lower back and hamstring flexibility. It is used to determine the probability of a person having future pain and injury.It is used by fitness trainers to assess flexibility before starting an exercise program. The results obtained for the test depend on their gender and the age of the participant.
Answer:
Cnidarians.
Explanation:
Cnidarians are known as the marine invertebrates, and also called as Coelenterata, they belong to phylum Cnidaria. Cnidarians include sea fans, sea pens, corals, hydra, jellyfish, and sea anemones. They belong to four classes: Anthozoa, Cubozoa, Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa.
Cnidarian captures its prey with the help of nematocysts which are thread-like tubes, coiled, and sticky. Nematocysts contain toxin by the release of this toxin corals hunt their prey, and even while they are stuck to the ocean floor.
An organism that makes its own food.
Example- plants.
The first organism in a food chain is always a plant.
D.<span> layers of porous rock or sand
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