The Torah, the messiah will return to them.
The Atlantic Ocean. Its the ocean that connects North and South America to Europe. Most early explorers came from Europe and "discovered" the Americas. The slave trade as well as spice trade used the Atlantic ocean because it's the most direct way from most of Europe.
Most likely. The USS Maine was a big cause for the Spanish American war.
The British recognized american independence and handed over majority of its territory east of the Mississippi River which doubled the size of what new America was becoming