It is inductive reasoning: generalizing from a small sample to a bigger population. Deductive reasoning would be, if the sentences were in the other order. It's also not faulty, as it's not contradictory.
Not always,in my opinion. Sometimes people are forced into punishment far worse than their illegal acts. They could be held against law even though it wasn't them sometimes. Really depends where, when, who, and what. If murder or any drug related acts happen that was on purpose, then it's fair to punish the inmate.
C) Norse culture influenced the British Isles and parts of Russia.
Due simply to the fact that it was their native land they were fighting on. Whereas the colonist they were fighting were new to the lands and not yet fully acclimated.
Rome's government was destroyed by an invasion from Carthage and ruled from Alexandria.
Rome's government was taken over by a leader who was popular with the common people.
Reformers made positive changes in the republic that led to a new government.
Roman generals created a military government, and the army ruled by force.
