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rosijanka [135]
3 years ago
11

Age-associated changes in the immune system, also known as _______________________, are thought to be responsible for the increa

se in infections and cancer as adults age.
Biology
1 answer:
wariber [46]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

The correct answer is: Immunosenescence.

Explanation:

  • Immunosenescence can be defined as a biological age-related phenomenon due to which the cells of the immune system are unable to function efficiently with increase in age.
  • As a result of this the aged individuals becomes susceptible to various infections and diseases.
  • This happens because of the following reasons:
  1. The immune cells are formed from the progenitor cells called the Hematopoetic Stem Cells (HSCs) which are abundantly found in the bone marrow. These cells have the capacity of self-renewal and also differentiation into various types of immune cells. Due to aging, these cells accumulate large number of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) that that causes oxidative damage to the DNA. Also, with age the telomere (the repititive DNA sequence located at the chromosome terminal that protects the end of the chromosome from undergoing recombination or fusion with other chromosomes) length shortens resulting in the generation of damage in DNA. All these reduces the self renewal and differentiation capacity of these cells.
  2. Other cells of the immune system like, the white blood cells, anti-body producing B-cells, cytotoxicity inducing T-cells, natural killer cells also accumulate similar DNA degrading components. This reduces their life time and also the efficiency of their activity.
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Evgesh-ka [11]

Answer:

1.Sugar bonds

2.Transport proteins

3. Digestion

4. Oxidation

explanation

Chemical energy is stored in the bonds of sugar.

The concentration gradient of a substance across the membrane represents potential energy bcz it drives diffusion.Transport proteins aids the diffusion.

Digestion converts chemical energy into kinetic energy used by cells.

When the electrons are destroyed in the glucose,Energy contained in the bonds is released in small bursts,some of it is captured in the form of ATP .'The electrons are transferred to smaller molecules known as electron carriers.The electron carriers take the electrons to a group of proteins in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion,called the electron transport chain.As electrons move through the electron transport chain they go from a higher to lower energy level and are finally passed to Oxygen to form water.The energy released is captured as a proton gradient which powers the production of ATP.

Not 100% sure whether it's the correct answer but the concept is true 100% btw I stand to be corrected

4 0
2 years ago
Decomposers break down dead and decaying organisms to get their food. True or False
Zigmanuir [339]
The correct answer is True , my reason being is because they eat decomposed / decomposing things to get their food, they are not fighters , rather lazy 
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Explanation:

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