Answer: A. The Constitution establishes the qualifications for congressional representatives, as well as specific rules for their election.
We have a two-house or "bicameral" legislature. The number of representatives in the House of Representatives are based on each state's population size. In the Senate, each states gets two Senators.
The bicameral legislature plan was devised at the United States Constitutional Convention in 1787. The large population states wanted representation in Congress to be based on a state's population size. The smaller states feared this would lead to unchecked dominance by the big states; they wanted all states to receive the same amount of representation. The "Great Compromise" (as it became known) created a bicameral (two-chamber) legislature. Representation in the House of Representatives would be based on population. In the Senate, all states would have the same amount of representation, by two Senators.
The quoted section in the Constitution (as shown here) lays out the qualifications for House of Representatives members and rules for their election.
During the Cold war, there was a big fear of a possible nuclear attack from the Soviet Union, so when the US wanted to increase its spending on defense, it argued for it by saying that it needed to have better weapons to be able to prevent a possible attack.
Answer: The Constitution of the United States divides the war powers of the federal government between the Executive and Legislative branches: the President is the Commander in Chief of the armed forces (Article II, section 2), while Congress has the power to make declarations of war, and to raise and support the armed forces (Article I, section 8). Over time, questions arose as to the extent of the President's authority to deploy U.S. armed forces into hostile situations abroad without a declaration of war or some other form of Congressional approval. Congress passed the War Powers Resolution in the aftermath of the Vietnam War to address these concerns and provide a set of procedures for both the President and Congress to follow in situations where the introduction of U.S. forces abroad could lead to their involvement in armed conflict.
Conceptually, the War Powers Resolution can be broken down into several distinct parts. The first part states the policy behind the law, namely to "insure that the collective judgment of both the Congress and the President will apply to the introduction of United States Armed Forces into hostilities," and that the President's powers as Commander in Chief are exercised only pursuant to a declaration of war, specific statutory authorization from Congress, or a national emergency created by an attack upon the United States (50 USC Sec. 1541).
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