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Answer:
A prince gains renown by being feared instead of loved, according to Machiavelli.
Explanation:
In Machiavelli's <em>The Prince</em>, it states how to be an effective leader and how to improve an individuals power, which is an individualistic idea. He says being feared is better than being loved by the people this way you will always have control and maintenance over your country, this is a secular characteristic.
Answer:
What one makes of all this will depend in part on how one understands the American political tradition. Many liberals view the rejection of liberalism as an alarming threat to "liberal democracy" — and American democracy, in particular — along with the institutions and values associated with it, which include representative government, the separation of powers, free markets, and religious liberty and tolerance. Their concerns are valid, insofar as some of liberalism's most vocal critics on the right and left indict the American political project and its founding as both misbegotten and irredeemably liberal.
The Crusades is the series of wars between the two groups but if you're looking for a certain one I can further elaborate.
John Adams was an ambassador to France during the American Revolution. Also served in Amsterdam securing a large loan that helped finance the war. He was also the first VP under George Washington, though Washington pretty much shut him out.
